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People

Meet the many people who argued for and against carceral, institutional, and interpersonal confinement in the petitions filed in County and District Courts throughout the American West over the long nineteenth century. Browse or search people by name, demographic characteristics, case role, and/or relationships described in each petition. Our encoding practice for people features data pulled from the available case files and in some instances additional data from supplemental sources is also included. Only people with case roles are indexed here, while all persons named in a case are listed on the case page. The Glossary defines the attributes used to structure data from the habeas petitions. The Code Book explains the relational structure of the data and functionality of the database website.

Clara Martínez holding her grandson, Robert Marron Romero. Links to Lucía Martínez's story.

Featured story: Lucía Martínez: Yaqui Arizona, 1854-1900

Basic Search

Simply enter the word you wish to find and the search engine will search for every instance of the word in the journals. For example: Fight. All instances of the use of the word fight will show up on the results page.

Wildcard Searches

Using an asterisk (*) will increase the odds of finding the results you are seeking. For example: Fight*. The search results will display every instance of fight, fights, fighting, etc. More than one wildcard may be used. For example: *ricar*. This search will return most references to the Aricara tribe, including Ricara, Ricares, Aricaris, Ricaries, Ricaree, Ricareis, and Ricarra. Using a question mark (?) instead of an asterisk (*) will allow you to search for a single character. For example, r?n will find all instances of ran and run, but will not find rain or ruin.

Capitalization

Searches are not case sensitive. For example: george will come up with the same results as George.

Phrase Search

Searching for a specific phrase may help narrow down the results. Rather long phrases are no problem. For example: "This white pudding we all esteem".

Subsequent Searches

Because of the creative spellings used by the journalists, it may be necessary to try your search multiple times. For example: P?ro*. This search brings up numerous variant spellings of the French word pirogue, "a large dugout canoe or open boat." Searching for P?*r*og?* will bring up other variant spellings. Searching for canoe or boat also may be helpful.

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Race or Ethnicity : White

581 results

Bird, Gustavus A. (G.A. Bird)

  • Birth date: June 15, 1789
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney

(Baby Norland; Jack Moriarty)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1915
  • Birth place: Nebraska
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Adams, Jennie Belle (Jennie Belle Scott)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1884
  • Birth place: Nebraska, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Allen, John H.

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Allen, Jr., Jay Cooke

  • Birth date: July 7, 1900
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Allsman, Hazel (Smith-Allsman)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1899
  • Birth place: Creek, Nebraska
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party, petitioner

Allyn, Frank

  • Birth date: August 27, 1846
  • Birth place: Keokuk, Iowa
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Judge

Alsop, J. T.

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Judge

Ammerman, Gosefa Mirana

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Ammerman, John

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Anderson, Ross P.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1853
  • Birth place: Ohio, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent attorney

Armstrong, Lydia

  • Birth date: January 1, 1839
  • Birth place: Indiana
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Armstrong, Mary Jane

  • Birth date: January 1, 1869
  • Birth place: Nebraska
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Armstrong, William W.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1840
  • Birth place: New York
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Holding party

Atherton, B.E. (Benjamin Earnest Atherton)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1885
  • Birth place: Kansas
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner, bound party

Atkins, Nellie

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner, bound party

Baldwin, John N. (John W.)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1888
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner, petitioner attorney, respondent attorney

Ball, Mottrom D.

  • Birth date: June 23, 1835
  • Birth place: Fairfax, VA
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent attorney

Ballinger, Richard A.

  • Birth date: July 9, 1858
  • Birth place: Iowa, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney

Bannick, Claude George (Claud)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1877
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Responding party, respondent, holding party

Barman, Thomas (Barrman)

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Bassett, Alma May

  • Birth date: January 1, 1907
  • Birth place: Nebraska, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Bassett, Wilber

  • Birth date: January 1, 1904
  • Birth place: Nebraska, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Battin, John W.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1868
  • Birth place: New York
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney, respondent attorney

Beal, Henry J.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1886
  • Birth place: Nebraska
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent attorney, petitioner attorney, authority ordering detention

Becker, Emma

  • Birth date: January 1, 1878
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White, German
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Bell, William R.

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney, petitioner, judge

Bentley, Pearl Alma

  • Birth date: January 1, 1884
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Berger, Alta (Alta Burger)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1884
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Berger, John M.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1884
  • Birth place: Denmark
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney, petitioner, respondent attorney

Berry, Lewis P.

  • Birth date: November 5, 1842
  • Birth place: Indiana
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Bevans, Frank G.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1865
  • Birth place: Minnesota
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Bevans, Gussie

  • Birth date: January 1, 1890
  • Birth place: Wyoming
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Bignold, Lewis B.

  • Birth date: February 17, 1851
  • Birth place: England
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White, English
  • Case role(s): Petitioner attorney

Billings, William

  • Birth date: October 27, 1827
  • Birth place: Vermont
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Birby, F.A. (F.A. Bixby)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1860
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Birby, Lou (Lucy Jane Bixby)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent

Bishop, John S.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: New York, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Authority ordering detention, petitioner attorney

Blair, Albert A.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1876
  • Birth place: Iowa, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Blair, Josephine

  • Birth date: January 1, 1917
  • Birth place: Nebraska, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Boise, Reuben Patrick

  • Birth date: June 9, 1818
  • Birth place: Massachusetts, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Judge

Boler, Thomas D.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1886
  • Birth place: Nebraska
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Booge, John J.

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Authority ordering detention

Booge, John J. (Borge)

  • Birth date: N.D.
  • Birth place: Unknown
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Authority ordering detention

Borsheim, Alice Annette

  • Birth date: January 1, 1876
  • Birth place: Maryland
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent, responding party

Borsheim, Helen Fanning

  • Birth date: January 1, 1899
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Borsheim, Louis A.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1849
  • Birth place: Norway
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: Norwegian, White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Brandt, Frank

  • Birth date: January 1, 1864
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White, German
  • Case role(s): Petitioner

Brandt, Pearl

  • Birth date: January 1, 1892
  • Birth place: Nebraska
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Bound party

Breckinridge, Samuel Miller

  • Birth date: November 3, 1828
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Petitioner, petitioner attorney, judge
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