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People

Meet the many people who argued for and against carceral, institutional, and interpersonal confinement in the petitions filed in County and District Courts throughout the American West over the long nineteenth century. Browse or search people by name, demographic characteristics, case role, and/or relationships described in each petition. Our encoding practice for people features data pulled from the available case files and in some instances additional data from supplemental sources is also included. Only people with case roles are indexed here, while all persons named in a case are listed on the case page. The Glossary defines the attributes used to structure data from the habeas petitions. The Code Book explains the relational structure of the data and functionality of the database website.

Clara Martínez holding her grandson, Robert Marron Romero. Links to Lucía Martínez's story.

Featured story: Lucía Martínez: Yaqui Arizona, 1854-1900

Basic Search

Simply enter the word you wish to find and the search engine will search for every instance of the word in the journals. For example: Fight. All instances of the use of the word fight will show up on the results page.

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Using an asterisk (*) will increase the odds of finding the results you are seeking. For example: Fight*. The search results will display every instance of fight, fights, fighting, etc. More than one wildcard may be used. For example: *ricar*. This search will return most references to the Aricara tribe, including Ricara, Ricares, Aricaris, Ricaries, Ricaree, Ricareis, and Ricarra. Using a question mark (?) instead of an asterisk (*) will allow you to search for a single character. For example, r?n will find all instances of ran and run, but will not find rain or ruin.

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Searches are not case sensitive. For example: george will come up with the same results as George.

Phrase Search

Searching for a specific phrase may help narrow down the results. Rather long phrases are no problem. For example: "This white pudding we all esteem".

Subsequent Searches

Because of the creative spellings used by the journalists, it may be necessary to try your search multiple times. For example: P?ro*. This search brings up numerous variant spellings of the French word pirogue, "a large dugout canoe or open boat." Searching for P?*r*og?* will bring up other variant spellings. Searching for canoe or boat also may be helpful.

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Case Roles : respondent

922 results

Ford, Nathaniel

  • Birth date: January 22, 1795
  • Birth place: Virginia
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Thomas, George F.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1814
  • Birth place: Virginia
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Resser, Francis

  • Birth date: January 1, 1814
  • Birth place: France
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Todd, John Blair Smith

  • Birth date: April 4, 1814
  • Birth place: Kentucky, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Hardee, William Joseph

  • Birth date: October 12, 1815
  • Birth place: Georgia, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Rhodes, Orrin

  • Birth date: January 1, 1820
  • Birth place: Ohio
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Painter, Hattie R. (Hattie Kersey Painter)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1821
  • Birth place: Pennsylvania
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Sullivan, John M.

  • Birth date: May 1, 1822
  • Birth place: Ireland
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White, Irish
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Goodhard, Elsaba (Emma Guthard)

  • Birth date: November 19, 1823
  • Birth place: Hemme, Germany
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White, German
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent, responding party

Billings, William

  • Birth date: October 27, 1827
  • Birth place: Vermont
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

McAuliff, James

  • Birth date: January 1, 1828
  • Birth place: Ireland
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White, Irish
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Hamilton, Leuvica O.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1830
  • Birth place: Kentucky
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: Unknown
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Sullivan, Julia

  • Birth date: September 1, 1830
  • Birth place: Ireland
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Davis, Sarah M.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1832
  • Birth place: Kentucky
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Woolsey, King S.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1833
  • Birth place: Alabama
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Waughop, John Wesley

  • Birth date: October 22, 1839
  • Birth place: Illinois, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Steen, Richard Perry

  • Birth date: January 1, 1840
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Church, Martha (Martha Wright)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1841
  • Birth place: Ohio
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: Unknown
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Tharpe, Nathan D.

  • Birth date: May 1, 1842
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Berry, Lewis P.

  • Birth date: November 5, 1842
  • Birth place: Indiana
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Prey, Martha J.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1843
  • Birth place: Ohio
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Tharpe, Irena

  • Birth date: May 1, 1845
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Van Ormer, Christina (Christiana Summerlad)

  • Birth date: September 1, 1846
  • Birth place: Germany
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White, German
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Cochran, William (Cochrane)

  • Birth date: December 15, 1846
  • Birth place: Ireland
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: Irish
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Ford, John T.

  • Birth date: November 1, 1847
  • Birth place: Oregon, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Noonan, Fannie

  • Birth date: January 1, 1848
  • Birth place: New York
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White, Irish
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent, responding party

Quivey, Elmer P. (Quivy)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1850
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

McGraw, John Harte (J. A. McGraw)

  • Birth date: October 4, 1850
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Gieselman, Dora

  • Birth date: January 1, 1851
  • Birth place: Germany
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: German
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Miller, Clara

  • Birth date: August 1, 1852
  • Birth place: Iowa, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Sawtell, Fred E.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1854
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Raphael, Mother Superior (Sister M. Raphael, Mary of St. Raphael Moran, Mother Raphael, M. Raphael Moran)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1854
  • Birth place: United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Holding party, responding party, respondent

Miller, William E.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1855
  • Birth place: Pennsylvania, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Seeley, William G.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1856
  • Birth place: Illinois, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Wood, H. E.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1857
  • Birth place: Pennsylvania
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Mullins, Ella T.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1857
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: Irish
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Teter, Harvey (Howard)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1857
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Dempsey, Michael F.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1857
  • Birth place: Pennsylvania
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: Unknown
  • Case role(s): Responding party, holding party, respondent, respondent attorney

Doyle, Dora

  • Birth date: January 1, 1858
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Yates, Arizona J. (Arizona Roger)

  • Birth date: July 6, 1858
  • Birth place: Virginia
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: Unknown
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent, responding party

Zehrung, Frank Connell

  • Birth date: October 7, 1858
  • Birth place: Iowa, United States
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Eberstein, Marshall

  • Birth date: January 1, 1859
  • Birth place: Michigan
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party, authority ordering detention

Hume, Leuvica

  • Birth date: January 1, 1860
  • Birth place: Washington Territory
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: Unknown
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party, responding party

Teter, Laura

  • Birth date: January 1, 1860
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Birby, F.A. (F.A. Bixby)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1860
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Male
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, holding party

Guthmann, Anna

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: Wisconsin, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Birby, Lou (Lucy Jane Bixby)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: Illinois
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Holding party, respondent

Sawtell, Mary A.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent

Seeley, Della (Mrs. W. G. Seeley)

  • Birth date: January 1, 1861
  • Birth place: Iowa, United States
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party

Gregory, Sarah B.

  • Birth date: January 1, 1862
  • Birth place: Iowa
  • Sex: Female
  • Race or ethnicity: White
  • Case role(s): Respondent, responding party, holding party
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