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Habeas petitions described a broad range of carceral, institutional, and interpersonal confinement over the long nineteenth century, including those used to demand due process, resist enslavement, challenge child removal and reservation confinement, avoid deportation, present child custody claims and protest child marriage, and to challenge institutionalization and detention in private and state institutions. As a legal mechanism borrowed from British common law and guaranteed as a civil right in US federal and state constitutions, habeas provides a lens on a diverse community of legal actors.

Our encoding practice allows us to identify petitions in these three categories and to indicate where those categories overlap. In addition to these three general categories, our team has identified the specific carceral charge being challenged as well as the particular forms of institutional and interpersonal confinements being questioned.

You may also browse or search petitions by location and/or jurisdiction to learn more about the myriad complaints petitioners brought before judges in Arizona, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oregon, and Washington between 1812 and 1924. Each case entry includes a full citation, a summary, links to people with a role in the case, a list of other people named, and any sites of significance. Visitors wanting access to full case files can contact the cited repository for information about obtaining copies. Those without institutional affiliations may request image scans from Dr. Jagodinsky directly. The Glossary defines the attributes used to structure data from the habeas petitions. The Code Book explains the relational structure of the data and functionality of the database website.

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Milly, a black woman, for herself and her two infant children, Eliza and Bob v. Mathias Rose

  • Earliest record date: May 10, 1819
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Ann, a woman of color v. John M. Jamison

  • Earliest record date: June 21, 1844
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Anderson Steward, a colored man v. John M. Jamison

  • Earliest record date: July 1, 1844
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

By the Habeas Corpus Act in the matter of Philip Ahren

  • Earliest record date: December 18, 1851
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Habeas Corpus in the matter of William M Parkinson

  • Earliest record date: April 28, 1852
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: child custody
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Not in custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Michael Newland

  • Earliest record date: July 6, 1852
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: trafficking
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Sarah Haycraft

  • Earliest record date: September 2, 1853
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: disturbing the peace
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released on bail

Habeas Corpus in the Matter of Terrance O'Connell

  • Earliest record date: March 9, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the Matter of Napoleon Johnson

  • Earliest record date: April 27, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: larceny
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Joseph Adams

  • Earliest record date: June 12, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Henry Ideker

  • Earliest record date: June 12, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: petty larceny

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Eliza Duncan

  • Earliest record date: September 13, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Ex parte William Johnson

  • Earliest record date: October 11, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of John Medford

  • Earliest record date: December 8, 1854
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: child custody
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of George W. Beaty

  • Earliest record date: June 14, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ denied
  • Fate of bound party: Remained in custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of William B. Albert

  • Earliest record date: June 20, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Habeas Corpus in the matter of John Bartel

  • Earliest record date: June 22, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: burglary and larceny
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released on bail

Habeas Corpus in the matter of William Emerson

  • Earliest record date: June 27, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: burglary and larceny
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Darwin J. Calvert

  • Earliest record date: September 13, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of John McMenamy

  • Earliest record date: October 3, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of J. C. Stewart

  • Earliest record date: October 13, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive from justice
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Not in custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Wm. H. Ferguson

  • Earliest record date: October 25, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: robbery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Habeas Corpus in the matter of James Pilcher

  • Earliest record date: December 3, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of John Meisher

  • Earliest record date: December 7, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: false pretenses
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the Matter of Wm Rotenback

  • Earliest record date: December 11, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: forgery
  • Petition outcome: Writ denied
  • Fate of bound party: Remained in custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Amadee E. Quevreux

  • Earliest record date: December 22, 1855
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: child custody | Interpersonal: wrongful servitude
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Elizabeth Highland

  • Earliest record date: April 23, 1856
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: petty larceny
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Wm S. Watkins

  • Earliest record date: April 28, 1856
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: Failure to Pay Debt
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Charles Wittien

  • Earliest record date: August 13, 1856
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Augusta Krause

  • Earliest record date: August 19, 1856
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: child custody | Interpersonal: kidnapping
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Maria Summers

  • Earliest record date: November 13, 1856
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the Matter of Hugh Maganity

  • Earliest record date: April 22, 1857
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the matter of John Hahl

  • Earliest record date: April 29, 1857
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: petty larceny
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released on bail

Habeas Corpus in the matter of Timothy Gallivan

  • Earliest record date: June 15, 1857
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

Habeas Corpus in the Matter of Bridgett Halpin

  • Earliest record date: August 7, 1857
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: child custody
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

In the matter of Nelson Lawson

  • Earliest record date: June 23, 1858
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

In the matter of Elizabeth Vincent

  • Earliest record date: May 13, 1859
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: fugitive slavery
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

George W. Lunkin vs. Capt. W. S. Matthews

  • Earliest record date: July 29, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

George W. Lunkin vs. Capt. W. S. Matthews

  • Earliest record date: July 29, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Abner S. Nancy v. Capt William M. Matthews

  • Earliest record date: July 29, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Abner S. Nancy v. Capt William M. Matthews

  • Earliest record date: August 14, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Institutional: underage military enlistment
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

W.M. Kirby vs. Territory of Washington

  • Earliest record date: August 16, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: murder
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Not in custody

W. M. Kirby vs. Territory of Washington

  • Earliest record date: August 16, 1862
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: murder
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Not in custody

Application for Writ of Habeas Corpus by C. M. Bradshaw on Behalf of Nicholas Adams and Thomas Gould of Clallam Co. W. T.

  • Earliest record date: June 14, 1864
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: kidnapping
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

J.M. Burks and William Moore vs. W. Tompkins

  • Earliest record date: October 3, 1864
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

J. M. Burks and William Moore v. W. Tompkins

  • Earliest record date: October 3, 1864
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

In the matter of Rosa Teusel

  • Earliest record date: September 8, 1865
  • Petition type(s): Interpersonal: marital dispute
  • Petition outcome: Petition withdrawn
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

John Bryant vs. Territory of Nebraska

  • Earliest record date: September 27, 1865
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Unknown
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown

Territory of Nebraska v. James Appleby

  • Earliest record date: September 29, 1865
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: murder
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Released from custody

In the matter of the application of Nicholas O'Byrne for the writ of Habeas Corpus

  • Earliest record date: February 2, 1866
  • Petition type(s): Carceral: cause unspecified
  • Petition outcome: Writ allowed
  • Fate of bound party: Unknown
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